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<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">Jetlag is a terminology frequently used by athletes and sports directors when going on dif- ferent overseas flights. In fact, it s a sort of concern over the physiological and mental conditions of passengers.</span> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">Jetlag is usually caused as a result of inconsistency of body clock with the clock outside. Jetlag means ations in biological clock of a passenge<span style="letter-spacing: -0.45pt ">r</span>, who is traveling towards the east or west of earth and his/her overnight order rapidly changes from one country to other countries, especially through plane. This results in a series of symptoms and diseases in human bod<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt ">y</span>.</span> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">For instance, body of a person, flying from <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt ">T</span>ehran towards Japan for about 13 hours, starts to show a series of reactions like the ones seen at times of illness due to the geographical time changes, di<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt ">f</span>ference in time zones, atmospheric changes and certain other factors so it is necessary to prevent and treat the problem.</span> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">If flying on longitudinal time zone and especially when no stopover is at work, the possibil- ity of illness symptoms is more regarding the number of time zones and of course varying individual di<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt ">f</span>ferences.</span> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">When flying westwards, which would result in more prolonged da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt ">y</span>, there will be more pos- sibility for adaptation and more speedily but when flying eastwards, the day would be cut short and consequentl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt ">y</span>, it would be more difficult for the body to cope with the new condi- tions. This means that if flying from Iran to countries in the east, for example China, Korea and Japan, jetlag would be more evident than when facing such destinations as Europe, for instance the UK, France or the Latin American states. At time of jetlag the hormone secre- tion in the body<span style="letter-spacing: -0.6pt ">&amp rsquo </span>s internal glands su<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt ">f</span>fers disorders especiall<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt ">y</span>, secretion by the melatonin, cortisol, growth and thyroid hormones get disordered.</span> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">Usuall<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt ">y</span>, in the first three to four days more adaptation is observed but we should not exp<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt ">e</span>- rience that when traveling towards the east and passing six time zones in a direct flight, it would take for the body 13 days to adapt itself. The body will return to the natural state in</span> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">10 days when flying westwards. This means that in flights tothe east the sleep will be af- fected both in quantity and quality during flights to the east, the sleep will be poor and less. Statistics show that about 75 percent of people clearly show symptoms of jetlag whose symptoms are eliminated with passage of time and gradually after few days of stay in a new countr<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt ">y</span>. Of course, about one third of the people do not see minimization of the symptoms even after several days and pass hard days coupled with di<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt ">f</span>ferent symptoms of diseases. Also no visible, clear and disease-like symptoms are seen in about 25 percent of people. They adapt themselves to new conditions more rapidl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt ">y</span>.</span> </p>
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<p><strong><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">1. What are symptoms of jetlag?</span></strong> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">Although the most important reason for jetlag is fast travel by plane and passing through several time zones towards east or west, there are yet a series of peripheral factors which have a direct role in the degree and intensity of jetlag directl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt ">y</span>. They are as follows:</span> </p>
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<p><strong><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">A.Personality:</span></strong> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">In general, the introvert people and those having more anxiety and stress dail<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt ">y</span>, su<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt ">f</span>fer jet- lag more. The sports veterans and those having less physical preparedness or those having flight panic observe more jetlag symptoms.</span> </p>
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<p><strong><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">B.Round-clock disciplines:</span></strong> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">Any person has genetically or habitually or due to his/her personality a sort of round-the- clock disciplines over years of living. The discipline is practiced at times of sleep or wa<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt ">k</span>- ing, eating food, darkness, light or environment temperature. Concordance of the regular overnight rhythm with new conditions in a new country is of high importance and many athletes get accustomed with new conditions easily after several days. But some of them fail to do so even after 10 days and the order does not come back to normal conditions. In absence of appetite, the jetlag e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt ">f</span>fects annoy the person during travel time. Though there are about more than 300 circadian orders in human bod<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt ">y</span>, which act harmoniously but they are e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt ">f</span>fective in production of certain hormones, including cortisol and their concordance with the new conditions.</span> </p>
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<p><strong><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">C.<span style="letter-spacing: -0.8pt ">T</span>emperature</span></strong> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">Change in body temperature can have e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt ">f</span>fective influence on humans&amp rsquo daily function at time of sleep and waking.</span> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">The body temperature ranges between 36 and 38 degrees centigrade and many factors, having direct or indirect impact on our daily performance, are a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt ">f</span>fected by human body temperature. For instance, the mental-motional function, speed of body enzymes&amp rsquo reaction in food metabolism, and especially speed of neurological conduction, are all a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt ">f</span>fected by human body temperature.</span> </p>
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<p><strong><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">2. What are signs of jetlag?</span></strong> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">Headache, insomnia, drowsiness, feeling of fatigue, general weakness day long, dizzi- ness, lack of appetite, nausea, constipation, gastrointestinal problems like gastrointestinal ache, cramps, low mental function, less concentration, less efficiency and athletic vibranc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt ">y</span>, change in heartbeat and blood pressure, irritabilit<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt ">y</span>, blurred vision, bad-temperedness and angriness.</span> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">Of course, not all the symptoms are seen in any person and regarding the innate and pe<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt ">r</span>- sonality characteristics of any person, several of the symptoms might be observed in any person.</span> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">Since, human beings&amp rsquo mental and physiological function come to its climax when body</span> </p>
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<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">temperature is in its maximum degree, it can be said body temperature of the persons, cha<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt ">r</span>- acterized by early morning activit<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt ">y</span>, is in its highest level at 01:00 am and the lowest one being at 02:00 pm. So, the people have the highest power and ene<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt ">r</span>gy early in the morning. The body temperature of the night-workers, howeve<span style="letter-spacing: -0.45pt ">r</span>, is in its highest level in the 04:00 pm and in its lowest at 04:00 am. So, the group has the best athletic performance and muscular power and flexibility at 04:00 pm, which can go on until 07:00 pm.</span> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">Those athletes, who do professional and championship exercises in the mornings, or those being eager to have general exercises early in the mornings, should know that their cort<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt ">i</span>- sol, epinephrine, norepinephrine and ACTH hormones reach their maximum level between</span> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">06:00 and 10:00 am, leading to growing sports function and success in exercises, health and championship.</span> </p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(54, 52, 53) ">In general, insomnia and less sleep as well as light disorders can have more impact on body of athletes engaged in some sports branches for instance, in certain branches of sports, the e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt ">f</span>fect can lead to fatigue, less ene<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt ">r</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt ">y</span>, more errors and falling decision-making powe<span style="letter-spacing: -0.6pt ">r</span>. This is observed among athletes engaged in weight-lifting, armed sports, swimming, track-and- field, cycling, and marksmanship and team sports.</span> </p>
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